ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal action of ethanolic extracts of avocado seeds, by conducting two experiments in the laboratory of plant pathology of EPAMIG SUL/Lavras, MG, Brazil, in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The first consisted of the following treatments ('Breda' 3%, 'Breda' 2%, 'Margarida' 3%, 'Margarida' 2%, Control, and Ethanol) testing its inhibitory effect on two fungal species (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Monilinia fructicola) and the second consisted of different concentrations of extracts (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) on the fungus F fructicola. The evaluations were performed at three times (7, 14, and 21 days of incubation) by measurements of the mycelial diameter using a digital caliper. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The results demonstrated the positive potential of the ethanolic extracts of avocado seed on the mycelial development of fungi M. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides during the evaluated days.
ABSTRACT
O abacateiro é uma frutífera altamente produtiva que possui diversas cultivares, as quais apresentam grande variação quanto à época de produção de frutos e quanto ao teor de óleo na polpa. Estudos têm indicado que o óleo de abacate assemelha-se ao azeite de oliva e pode ser empregado tanto na indústria de cosméticos como no setor alimentício. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características fenológicas, físico-químicas em cultivares de abacateiro nas condições das terras altas da serra Mantiqueira em São Bento do Sapucaí - SP, visando à extração de óleo. As avaliações foram efetuadas nas cultivares 'Ouro Verde', 'Wagner', 'Campinas', 'Paulistinha', 'Fuerte', 'Pedroso', 'Margarida', 'Hass', 'Fortuna', 'Quintal' e 'Reis'. Foram avaliadas as características fenológicas nos ciclos 2008/09 e 2009/10, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, percentagens de polpa, casca e caroço em relação à massa total, composição centesimal, além do perfil dos principais ácidos graxos presentes no óleo bruto extraído das cultivares ricas em lipídeos. Os resultados indicam que o período de florescimento variou de agosto a novembro e o de colheita de julho a novembro, sendo a cultivar 'Ouro Verde' a mais precoce e Fuerte, Campinas e Hass as mais tardias. Paulistinha e Reis apresentaram frutos de maior diâmetro longitudinal, sendo que Paulistinha se destacou com a maior porcentagem de polpa. Os maiores teores de lipídeos na polpa foram obtidos nas cultivares 'Fuerte' e 'Hass', com predomínio do ácido graxo oleico nas amostras analisadas.
Avocado is a very productive plant. It has several cultivars that present great variation on time of fruit production and oil content in the pulp. Studies have indicated that the avocado oil is similar to olive oil, and can be used in cosmetics and also for human consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenological characteristics and fruit physico-chemical conditions in avocado cultivars from the highlands of Serra da Mantiqueira in São Bento do Sapucaí - SP aiming oil extract. The evaluations were conducted on the cultivars 'Ouro Verde', 'Wagner', 'Campinas', 'Paulistinha', 'Fuerte', 'Pedroso', 'Margarida', 'Hass', 'Fortuna', 'Quintal' and 'Reis'. Were evaluated the phenological characteristics in 2008/09 and 2009/10 cicles, longitudinal and transverse diameter, percentage of pulp, peel and seed against to the total mass, centesimal composition and main acids present in the crude oil extracted from cultivars rich in lipids. Results indicate that the flowering period ranged from August to November and harvesting from July to November, the cultivar 'Ouro Verde' was the earliest and Fuerte, Campinas and Hass were more delayed. Paulistinha and Reis fruit had higher longitudinal diameter. Paulistinha stood out with the highest percentage of pulp. The greatest concentration of lipids in the pulp were obtained in cultivars 'Fuerte' and 'Hass' with predominance of oleic acid in the samples.